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Location: Melbourne, Australia

An Australian from a Chinese background who loves the India Yoga System taught by Sri. Pattabhi Jois. This page is a study note of the classic sutra of Tao Teh Ching by the Great Lao Tzu.

Wednesday, March 30, 2005

Tao Teh Ching Chapter 13

宠辱若惊,贵大患若身。
何谓宠辱若惊?宠为下得之若惊,失之若惊,是谓宠辱若惊。何谓贵大患若身?吾所以有大患者,为吾有身,及吾无身,吾有何患!
故贵以身为天下,若可寄天下;爱以身为天下,若可托天下

Translation
To be in favour or disgrace are both to be feared; To be honoured or persecuted (harms) the body just the same.
Why is that to be favoured or disgraced are to be feared? Favour is to obtained from an inferior position, now that one is in favour, he is afraid of losing it. Why is it that To be honoured or persecuted (harms) the body just the same? The reason that I can be persecuted is because I have this body (which I identify as myself). Had I have not this body, how can I be persecuted?
Therefore one is fit to rule the world if he treats his body just as the anything beneath the sky and with honour and love.


Comments
In this chapter we are dealt with ones attitude towards his social positions. As we are in a society, we are involved with other human beings. Collectively we often judge ourselves by looking at how well are we received by our peers or our superiors. It is our nature to like to be in a favoured or honoured position rather than being disgraced or persecuted. Here the lesson is that the desire to be in favour and honoured is the root cause of the fear of being disgraced or persecuted.
The translation of the chapter is difficult. Many 若 are used here, its meaning is hard to guess. In the first and second paragraphs, it seems the closest meaning is to be the same. I translated the second sentence of the first paragraph, 贵大患若身 to be like the same structure as the first sentence, unlike other translations.大患 literally means great calamity, but here it is likely to mean the opposite to being honoured, just as 宠辱.
及吾无身, had I not have this body. But this is not possible, we have a body, this is undeniable fact. Here what Lao Tzu really means is that if we don't identify ourselves as the body. This is a fundamental question of who we are? Are we the body or are we a soul. In Hinduism, we are Atman, or the universal self. According to Lao Tzu, if we are not the body then we cannot be persecuted.

故贵以身为天下, this is very hard to understand. Lao Tzu talked about the body and that the body is not us. Then what is the body? 以身为天下, treat the body as nature. 天下, anything beneath the sky, perhaps Tao itself? Here we get the answer, when we treat the body as Tao, we are fit to lead.

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